Heat can also create or intensify water-repellent layers within some soils. When rainfall cannot infiltrate effectively, runoff develops rapidly and moves downslope across an unprotected surface. Ash, sediment and debris may then be transported into drainage systems, infrastructure, reservoirs or adjacent land.
The period before the first significant rainfall is therefore critical. There may be only a limited opportunity to assess the burn severity, identify priority areas and install appropriate protection. Immediate action, however, must still be based on field conditions. Fire effects vary across a site, and not every burned area requires—or will respond to—the same treatment.
Post-fire recovery must combine urgent erosion-risk reduction with a realistic strategy for vegetation and ecosystem recovery.
